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KMID : 1001320190460030157
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Social Welfare Policy
2019 Volume.46 No. 3 p.157 ~ p.177
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The Origin of Welfare State and Its Social Effects of Foucault Governmentality
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Kim Yong-Hyun
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study is to reinterpret social welfare as a part of the governmental style of Foucault's governementalite concept.,For Foucault, “rule” is a form of biopouvoire that manages the ruling class as a “population” unit through statistical calculations on life/life (biopouvoire, birth rate, health, life span, longevity, etc.) and also manages them as a “personal” unit by intervening in their actions and deeds. The components of the concept of govermentality are 'population, political economics, safety devices', but the background of the concept of governmentality is the development of capitalism, that is, liberalism, and the genealogy of modern countries as its subject.,In other words, the excitement of capitalism represented by liberalism is the foundation of governance. Neo-liberal rule is a technique of exclusion that draws the boundary between those who can live in society and those who should be abandoned outside the society. In the 20th century, neoliberalism in the United States is interested in transforming the individual 'humanity itself'.,In a society dominated by neoliberal governance, Foucault sees individuals as being given the position of entrepreneurs who treat their own actions as 'capital' as well as the body. According to Foucault's concept of govermentality, which analyzes social welfare as a national rule style, social welfare is more like a technique (method) in which the subjects of social welfare should manage their self rather than rights.,The neoliberal governance of modern countries allows individuals to accept the market principle as an internalized form of obedience and voluntarily maximize their human capital. Therefore, it is easy to be a legal system that should be stigmatized and corrected to the target person rather than being a right to receive social welfare in the field of social welfare.
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KEYWORD
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govermentality, population, political economy, security device, bio-power
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